Trending questions in C++

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C++ multiset, return key at position?

A set (or multiset) is typically represented ...READ MORE

Jun 27, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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Can you use "cin" with string?

To enter a string, I was instructed to use gets(str) rather than cin.  In the programme below, though, I can use cin perfectly well.  Could you please tell me if you can use cin?  Please accept my apologies for my poor English.  The application allows you to enter up to five names and then print them on the screen. The code is as follows: #include <iostream> #include <string.h> using namespace std; int main() { ...READ MORE

Jun 27, 2022 in C++ by Nicholas
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What range of values can integer types store in C++

You may rely on the following minimal ...READ MORE

Jun 21, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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Why we actually need runtime polymorphism?

One of the most significant elements of ...READ MORE

Jun 10, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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Error "Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 is required (Unable to find vcvarsall.bat)"

For pip, use the binary-only option.  ...READ MORE

Jun 14, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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str_lib_facilities.h file from Stroustrup's Programming: Principles and Practice Using C++ generating errors

Switching the compiler to compile in c++11 ...READ MORE

Jun 13, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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Lower and Upper Bound in case of Decreasing/Non-ascending vector

Both std::lower bound and std::upper bound must have an increasing (non-decreasing) order as their objective. By giving a comparator as the 4th parameter of the functions, you may modify the meaning of "growing." To work with descending vectors, use std::greater. #include<iostream> #include<vector> #include<algorithm> #include<functional> using namespace std; int main() { ...READ MORE

Jun 14, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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outputting ascii table in C++

This line doesn't do the right thing: ch ...READ MORE

Jun 13, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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758 views
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abstract class and virtual functions

Is this class considered abstract because it only contains one virtual function?  I could still build an Animal object and use getFoodCost(); No. In C++, a "Abstract Class" is often a class having a single pure virtual function: class Abstract { public: virtual ...READ MORE

Jun 20, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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lower_bound == upper_bound

Lower bound: the initial greater-or-equal element. Upper bound: ...READ MORE

Jun 21, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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How does virtual inheritance solve the "diamond" (multiple inheritance) ambiguity?

You desire: (Achievable with virtual inheritance) ...READ MORE

Jun 10, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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840 views
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What is compile-time polymorphism and why does it only apply to functions?

"Compile time polymorphism" used to signify function overloading.  It only applies to functions because that's all you can overload. Templates in modern C++ modify this.  One example has previously been provided by Neil Butterworth.  Another technique is template specialisation.  As an example: #include <iostream> #include <string> template <class T> struct my_template { ...READ MORE

Jun 20, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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Explanation of function pointers

It's a little perplexing. Function type and pointer to function type are distinct kinds (no more similar than int and pointer to int).  However, in virtually all cases, a function type decays to a reference to a function type.  In this context, rotting roughly refers to conversion (there is a difference between type conversion and decaying, but you are probably not interested in it right now). What matters is that practically every time you use a function type, you end up with a reference to the function type.  But take note of the nearly - almost every time is not always! And there are rare circumstances where it does not. typedef void(functionPtr)(int); functionPtr fun = function; This code tries to clone one function to another (not the pointer! the function!)  However, this is not feasible since functions in C++ cannot be copied.  The compiler does not let this, and I'm surprised you got it compiled (you say you got linker errors?) Now for the code: typedef void(functionPtr)(int); functionPtr function; function(5); function does ...READ MORE

Jun 21, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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How to pass in command line arguments when using ideone?

It appears that you won't be able ...READ MORE

Jun 21, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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What is a Class and Object in C++?

A Class is like a blueprint, an ...READ MORE

Jun 21, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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304 views
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How to use enums in C++

This will be sufficient to declare your ...READ MORE

Jun 20, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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398 views
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How to use new[ ] and delete[ ] operator in C++

int main(){ char *str; ...READ MORE

Jun 20, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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360 views
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The Definitive C++ Book Guide and List

Introductory, no previous programming experience Book Author(s) Description review C++ Primer* * Not ...READ MORE

Jun 14, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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C++ override inherited methods

Child::init is now concealing Father::init and not overriding it.  In order to receive dynamic dispatch, your init member function must be virtual: virtual void init () { ...READ MORE

Jun 20, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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321 views
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C++ auto keyword. Why is it magic?

Auto was a keyword that C++ "inherited" from C and had been around for a long time but was almost never used because there were only two possibilities: it wasn't allowed or it was assumed by default. C++11 introduced the usage of auto to denote an inferred type. Similarly to how template type deduction works for function templates, auto x = initializer deduces the type of x from the type of initializer.  Consider the following function template: template<class T> int whatever(T t) { ...READ MORE

Jun 21, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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495 views
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Use of "this" keyword in C++ [duplicate]

Yes, it is optional and generally omitted.  However, it may be essential for accessing variables after they have been overridden in the scope: Person::Person() { int age; ...READ MORE

Jun 20, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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Easiest way to convert int to string in C++

C++ adds std::stoi (and variants for each numeric type) and std::to string, which are the C equivalents of atoi and itoa but expressed in terms of std::string #include <string> std::string s = std::to_string(42); Is therefore ...READ MORE

Jun 1, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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What is the name of the "<<" and ">>" operators? [duplicate]

According to cplusplus.com's documentation: This operator (<<) applied to ...READ MORE

Jun 20, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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Sorting a vector of custom objects

A simple example using std::sort struct MyStruct { ...READ MORE

Jun 1, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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984 views
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Ternary operator ?: vs if...else

It's not any faster.  There is one difference when you can initialize a constant variable using an expression: const int x = (a<b) ? b ...READ MORE

Jun 7, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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What exactly does stringstream do?

When converting between strings and other numerical kinds, stringstream can be very useful.  Stringstream is comparable to iostream in terms of usage, so learning it is not difficult. Stringstreams can be used to read strings as well as write data into them.  It mostly works with a string buffer instead of an actual I/O channel. The stringstream class's fundamental member functions are as follows: str() is a function that returns the contents of a buffer as a string. str(string), which changes the buffer's contents to the string argument. Here's an example of how string streams can be used. ostringstream os; os << "dec: " << 15 ...READ MORE

Jun 13, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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std::greater on a an std::pair of a double and a class

std::greater is simply a wrapper for a ...READ MORE

Jun 2, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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872 views
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1 answer

static memory allocation like dynamic memory allocation

This declaration int r, c; cin >> r >> ...READ MORE

Jun 7, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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734 views
0 votes
1 answer

Mac M1 C++20: Missing std::convertible_to and std::forward_iterator concepts

Clang from Homebrew is a good option (or compile one by yourself).  You may also look at the features that have been incorporated on Clang's official website. ❯ clang++ --version Homebrew clang version 13.0.0 Target: arm64-apple-darwin21.1.0 Thread ...READ MORE

Jun 14, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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326 views
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1 answer

How to use std::sort to sort an array in C++

We receive std::begin and std::end in C++0x/11, which are overloaded for arrays: #include <algorithm> int main(){ int v[2000]; ...READ MORE

Jun 1, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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894 views
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1 answer

What is a lambda expression in C++11?

In C++11, what is a lambda expression? A: It's the object of an autogenerated class with overloading operator() const under the hood.  Closure is a type of object that is produced by the compiler.  This 'closure' idea is similar to C++11's bind notion.  Lambdas, on the other hand, usually produce better code.  Full inlining is also possible with calls through closures. Q: When do you think I'd utilise one? A: Define "simple and tiny logic" and request that the compiler generate the code from the preceding question.  You tell the compiler the expressions you wish to be inside the operator ().  The compiler will produce everything else for you. Q: What kind of problem do they tackle that couldn't be solved before they were introduced? A: It's some form of syntactic sugar, like using operators instead of functions for custom add, subtract, and other operations... However, wrapping 1-3 lines of genuine logic to some classes, and so on, saves additional lines of needless code!  Some engineers believe that if the number of lines is reduced, there is a lower likelihood of mistakes (which I agree with). Example of usage auto x = [=](int arg1){printf("%i", ...READ MORE

Jun 15, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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1 answer

C++ binary operator overloading

The language defines several fundamental types, such as int and double.  Objects are instances of fundamental kinds. Let's pretend you have: struct Foo { ... }; You can use non-member functions to overload the operator+ function. Foo operator+(Foo , ...READ MORE

Jun 21, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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What is the best way to use a HashMap in C++?

The ordered and unordered map containers (std::map and std::unordered map) are included in the standard library.  The items in an ordered map are sorted by key, and insert and access are in O (log n).  For ordered maps, the standard library often use red black trees.  However, this is only an implementation detail.  Insert and access are in O in an unordered map (1).  It is simply another term for a hashtable. An illustration using (ordered) std::map: #include <map> #include <iostream> #include <cassert> int main(int argc, char ...READ MORE

Jun 10, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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implementing merge sort in C++

To respond to the question:  std::vectorT> is used to create dynamically sized arrays at runtime.  Ideally, you'd use one of these to get feedback.  If not, they are simple to convert.  For instance, you might make two arrays like this: template <typename T> void merge_sort(std::vector<T>& array) { ...READ MORE

Jun 10, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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1 answer

Are virtual functions the only way to achieve Runtime Polymorphism in C++?

fprintf is a polymorphism function in the C programming language. It can print to a file, stdout, a printer, a socket, or whatever else the system can represent as a stream if you supply it different handles. FILE* file = fopen("output.txt", "w"); ...READ MORE

Jun 21, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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306 views
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1 answer

std::next_permutation Implementation Explanation

Permutations are generated in lexicographical order by ...READ MORE

Jun 10, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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446 views
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1 answer

C++ - Overloading vs Overriding in Inheritance

In C++, a derived class's method only overrides the base class's method if their declarations match (I say "match," but I'm not sure what the formal term is).  That is, all arguments must be of the same type, with the same const qualification.  If there are any mismatches, the derived class's method hides all methods with the same name rather than overriding.  This is what the "ERROR" in your image is attempting to convey.  So, in that image, / overrides in a comment is incorrect and misleading. Yes, many C++ instructors are unaware of these somewhat esoteric details. Furthermore, if you want to override, your base class's method must be virtual; otherwise, polymorphism will not work.  We could also say that the derived-class method hides the base-class method if it wasn't virtual.  The part about hiding, on the other hand, has almost no meaning here; what this term really means is that you're not in charge. Furthermore, overloading is the presence of multiple methods with the same name but different signatures, as you may have noticed. To be useful, they must all be present in the derived class; otherwise, they will be hidden if the derived class only has one method, fa1, and the other fa1 are in the base.  There is, however, a syntax sugar that "copies" all fa1 from the base to the derived. class A { public: void fa1(); ...READ MORE

Jun 7, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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1 answer

What really is a deque in STL?

A deque is defined somewhat recursively: fundamentally, ...READ MORE

Jun 10, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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1 answer

Constructor Overloading in C++

In your function Object() { [native code] }, Node(Game(),v); does not work as expected.  It simply creates a temporary without actually using it, and has no effect.  When control passes over the ;, it immediately destroys the temporary. Initializing the members in each function Object() { [native code] } is the correct way to go.  You could put their shared code in a private init() member function and call it from each function Object() { [native code] }, as shown below: class Foo { public: ...READ MORE

Jun 21, 2022 in C++ by Damon
• 4,960 points
222 views
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Difference between 'new operator' and 'operator new'?

What is difference between "new operator" and ...READ MORE

Jun 15, 2022 in C++ by Nicholas
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185 views
0 votes
1 answer

C++ - Decimal to binary converting

The.to string() function of std::bitset returns a std::string containing a binary text representation with leading-zero padding. Use std::bitset32> to get 32-character strings from 32-bit integers, or std::bitset32> to get 32-character strings from 32-bit integers. #include <iostream> #include <bitset> int main() { ...READ MORE

Jun 10, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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361 views
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In C++, what is a virtual base class?

When employing multiple inheritance, virtual base classes are used to prevent several "instances" of a particular class from appearing in an inheritance hierarchy. Consider the following example: class A { public: void Foo() {} ...READ MORE

Jun 10, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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368 views
0 votes
1 answer

C++ - Overloading vs Overriding in Inheritance

In C++, a derived class's method only overrides the base class's method if their declarations match (I say "match," but I'm not sure what the formal term is).  That is, all arguments must be of the same type, with the same const qualification.  If there are any mismatches, the derived class's method hides all methods with the same name rather than overriding.  This is what the "ERROR" in your image is attempting to convey.  So, in that image, / overrides in a comment is incorrect and misleading. Yes, many C++ instructors are unaware of these somewhat esoteric details. Furthermore, if you want to override, your base class's method must be virtual; otherwise, polymorphism will not work. . We could also say that the derived-class method hides the base-class method if it wasn't virtual.  The part about hiding, on the other hand, has almost no meaning here; what this term really means is that you're not in charge. Furthermore, overloading is the presence of multiple methods with the same name but different signatures, as you may have noticed. To be useful, they must all be present in the derived class; otherwise, they will be hidden if the derived class only has one method, fa1, and the other fa1 are in the base. There is, however, a syntax sugar that "copies" all fa1 from base to derived, removing all the hidden semantics: class A { public: void fa1(); ...READ MORE

Jun 7, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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1 answer

Why does C++ need the scope resolution operator?

No. There is no scope resolution operator ...READ MORE

Jun 1, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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674 views
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1 answer

Simple linked list in C++

This is the most basic example I can think of in this situation, and it has not been tested.  Please keep in mind that this violates some C++ best practises and deviates from the norm (initialize lists, separation of declaration and definition, and so on).  But those aren't topics I can discuss here. #include <iostream> using namespace std; class LinkedList{ ...READ MORE

Jun 2, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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614 views
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1 answer

Why is "using namespace std;" considered bad practice?

This has nothing to do with performan ...READ MORE

Jun 1, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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644 views
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1 answer

Cases of static and dynamic binding in C++

When an object's static type is used to associate it with a member function, this is known as static binding (understand the type of its class). When a pointer or reference is associated with a member function based on the dynamic type of the object, this is known as dynamic binding (understand the instance of the variable at runtime). Before continuing, keep in mind that dynamic binding only works with pointers, references, and virtual functions for the base class. Because everything needed to call the function is known at compile time, the first call is a static binding (also known as early binding). Derived1 d1(1, 10); d1.display_data(); You already know that the d1 instance is a Derived1 automatic variable, and that it will call the Derived1::display data method (). The first condition is incorrect: d1 is neither a pointer nor a reference. The second condition isn't acceptable:  There is no virtual Derived1::display data. The second call is for ...READ MORE

Jun 7, 2022 in C++ by Damon
• 4,960 points
476 views
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1 answer

The Definitive C++ Book Guide and List

For Beginner (includes those without coding experience) Programming: ...READ MORE

Jun 6, 2022 in C++ by pranav
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513 views
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1 answer

functions in c++ call by value and call by reference

Calling a function by value copies the argument and stores it in a local variable for use by the function, so the argument is unaffected if the value of the local variable changes.  The argument is passed to the function as a reference rather than a copy, so if the function changes the value of the argument, the argument is also changed.   The void change(int); function prototype informs the compiler that there is a function named change that takes a single int argument and returns void (i.e. nothing).  Because there is no & with the argument, it is called by value.  You have the line change(orig); later in your code, which actually calls the function with. Take a look at the output of ...READ MORE

Jun 7, 2022 in C++ by Damon
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432 views
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1 answer

When to use virtual destructors?

When you want to delete an instance of a derived class using a pointer to the base class, virtual destructors come in handy: class Base { // ...READ MORE

Jun 7, 2022 in C++ by Damon
• 4,960 points
436 views