Can t send transaction even if I use an example from official Ethereum webpage

Question

I write Crowdsale using this example. But I can't send a transaction, my test fails with an error:

 Contract: Crowdsale should accept payments after start:
     AssertionError: expected promise to be fulfilled but it was rejected with 'Error: VM Exception while processing the transaction: revert'

I tried to set gas price to the transaction like this crowdsale.sendTransaction({value, from: buyer, gas: 4712388}) but it doesn't help me.

My Crowdsale:

pragma solidity ^0.4.16;

interface token {
  function transfer(address receiver, uint amount) external;
}

contract Crowdsale {
  address public beneficiary;
  uint public fundingGoal;
  uint public amountRaised;
  uint public deadline;
  uint public price;
  token public tokenReward;
  mapping(address => uint256) public balanceOf;

  event FundTransfer(address backer, uint amount, bool isContribution);

  function Crowdsale(
    address ifSuccessfulSendTo,
    uint fundingGoalInEthers,
    uint durationInMinutes,
    uint etherCostOfEachToken,
    address addressOfTokenUsedAsReward
  ) public {
    beneficiary = ifSuccessfulSendTo;
    fundingGoal = fundingGoalInEthers * 1 ether;
    deadline = now + durationInMinutes * 1 minutes;
    price = etherCostOfEachToken * 1 ether;
    tokenReward = token(addressOfTokenUsedAsReward);
  }

  function () public payable {
    uint amount = msg.value;
    balanceOf[msg.sender] += amount;
    amountRaised += amount;
    tokenReward.transfer(msg.sender, amount / price);
    FundTransfer(msg.sender, amount, true);
  }
}

My tests (I use these tests as an example):

// You can find all those helpers here: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/zeppelin-solidity/blob/master/test/helpers
import ether from '../helpers/ether';
import { advanceBlock } from '../helpers/advanceToBlock';
import { increaseTimeTo, duration } from '../helpers/increaseTime';
import latestTime from '../helpers/latestTime';

const BigNumber = web3.BigNumber;

const should = require('chai')
  .use(require('chai-as-promised'))
  .use(require('chai-bignumber')(BigNumber))
  .should();

const Crowdsale = artifacts.require('Crowdsale');
const Coin = artifacts.require('Coin');

contract('Crowdsale', accounts => {
  let startTime;

  let crowdsale;
  let token;

  const value = ether(8);
  const buyer = accounts[1];
  const tokenReward = accounts[2];
  const beneficiary = accounts[2];

  before(async () => {
    // Advance to the next block to correctly read time in the solidity "now" function interpreted by testrpc
    await advanceBlock();
  });

  beforeEach(async () => {
    token = await Coin.new();

    // Transfer an amount to address of token used as reward
    const tokenRewardAmount = 1000000;
    token.transfer(tokenReward, tokenRewardAmount);

    startTime = latestTime() + duration.minutes(1);

    crowdsale = await Crowdsale.new(beneficiary, 200, 30, 1, tokenReward);
  });

  it('should accept payments after start', async () => {
    await increaseTimeTo(startTime);
    await crowdsale.sendTransaction({value, from: buyer, gas: 4712388}).should.be.fulfilled;
  });
});

My Coin:

pragma solidity ^0.4.19;

import 'zeppelin-solidity/contracts/token/ERC20/MintableToken.sol';

contract Coin is MintableToken {
  uint8 public decimals = 0;
  uint public initialSupply = 1000000 * 10 ** uint(decimals); // 1,000,000;
  string public name = "My Coin";
  string public symbol = "XMY";

  function Coin() public {
    totalSupply_ = initialSupply;
    balances[msg.sender] = totalSupply_;
  }
}

I am developing a “bookmaker” where a crowdsale represents an event. It means I will create dozens of crowdsales and I can't use Zeppelin's crowdsale since it mint a token. So, is there any other ways to create a crowdsale without minting tokens? I think there should be other ways since the example from Ethereum's webpage works without minting but because of some reason, it doesn't work for me. Where is my mistake?

Answer 1

As I understand your question you are trying to send some funds to your crowdsale contract.

Change this line:

await crowdsale.sendTransaction({value, from: buyer, gas: 4712388}).should.be.fulfilled;

To this:

await web3.eth.sendTransaction({
  from: buyer, 
  to: crowdsale,
  value: value,  
  gas: 4712388
}).should.be.fulfilled;