Use of and operators in R

Question

A little bit of trouble getting hold of what are the $ and %% terms.

As I understand I can use the $ term to pull a certain value from a function (e.g. t.test(x)$p.value), but I'm not sure if this is a universal definition. I also know it is possible to use this to specify to pull certain data.

I also want to know about the use of the %% term, in particular, if I am placing a value in between it (e.g. %x%) I am aware of using it as a modulator or remainder e.g. 7 %% 5 returns 2. Perhaps I am being ignorant and this is not real?

Answer 1

According to help('percent in percent'), percent in percent is a value matching function that "returns a vector of the places of (first) matches of its first parameter in its second." This implies that you might compare vectors of various lengths to determine whether at least one element in one vector matches an element in another. The output will have a length equal to the vector being compared (the first one).

1:2 in percentage return (1:2,5)
#[1] True, True

Replicate (1:2,5) in percent 1:2 #[1] True, True, True, True, True, True, True

The output is longer in seconds; take note.
If two things are exactly equal, the comparison operator == is used. The elements of the vectors will be compared element-by-element if they are similar in length. Vectors will be recycled if not. The output's length