How can message-based phishing attacks be detected programmatically

Question

I’m exploring ways to detect phishing attacks within a messaging application. Since phishing attacks often involve deceptive links or malicious attachments, I’m wondering if there are methods or algorithms to identify these risks programmatically.

Could someone share common approaches for flagging phishing attempts based on message content, link analysis, or user patterns? If there are specific tools or libraries for this, I’d be interested in learning more.