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In this rapidly developing world of technology, one must always find ways to keep up with the time. As the world is evolving towards software development, testing plays a vital role in making the process defect-free. Selenium Testing Course is one such tool that helps in finding bugs and resolving them. This article on How to handle multiple windows in Selenium gives you an idea about how you can handle multiple windows while testing an application.
So, we’ll first begin by taking a look at the topics that we’ll be covering in this article:
So, before we get to know more about handling multiple windows in Selenium simultaneously, we’ll see what Selenium Webdriver is and learn how it functions.
I bet most of the software testers out there must have worked with this amazing tool which makes their lives easier, and for those who don’t know what is Selenium, I’ll help you take your first baby steps in exploring this tool.
Selenium is an automation tool whose sole purpose is to test web applications developed by any organization. Now, what’s so fascinating about this tool which makes it popular?
Now let’s see how we can test an application using Selenium.
To test any application in Selenium, we follow certain procedures which eventually helps in performing the desired tasks.
The basic pre-requisites to run a test-case are:
Check out this article on how to set up Selenium to get an end to end guidance on the installation process.
So, in order to test an application, we need to know the basics of the programming language, which is Java in our case. So first,
Take a look at this video to get understand each and every nuance about testing an application.
This video will give you an introduction to an automated software testing tool – Selenium and help you understand how to write and run a test case.
So, once we know how to run a test case in Selenium, we’ll try altering the process by working across multiple windows simultaneously. To do that we’ll see a few functions which help us doing it.
Here is a test Automation Engineer Course available who can provide the intelligence and expertise to easily create Automation Engineer systems.
Now, what is a window handle function? How to handle multiple windows in Selenium while testing an application? Well, this will answer all your questions.
Related Learning: Desired Capabilities in Selenium
A window handle is a unique identifier that holds the address of all the windows. This is basically a pointer to a window, which returns the string value. This window handle function helps in getting the handles of all the windows. It is guaranteed that each browser will have a unique window handle.
These are a few new functions we’ll be seeing in this demo. Apart from these, the rest of the functions help in automating the process.
In this demo section, we’ll automate a few websites and check how to handle multiple windows.
We’ll automate pages such as,
Now, we’ll first start by testing the webpage ToolsQA
package selenium; import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class demo1 { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D:chromedriver.exe"); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get("http://toolsqa.com/automation-practice-switch-windows/"); WebElement clickElement = driver.findElement(By.id("button1")); for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { clickElement.click(); Thread.sleep(3000); } } }
Next step, we’ll add on a few more commands and notice the change in the execution.
package selenium; import java.util.Set; import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class demo2 { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D:chromedriver.exe"); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get("http://toolsqa.com/automation-practice-switch-windows/"); String parentWindowHandle = driver.getWindowHandle(); System.out.println("Parent window's handle -> " + parentWindowHandle); WebElement clickElement = driver.findElement(By.id("button1")); for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { clickElement.click(); Thread.sleep(3000); } Set<String> allWindowHandles = driver.getWindowHandles(); for(String handle : allWindowHandles) { System.out.println("Window handle - > " + handle); } } }
Now, we’ll customize the web page by adding a few more commands to the above program.
package selenium; import java.util.Set; import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class demo4 { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D:chromedriver.exe"); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get("http://toolsqa.com/automation-practice-switch-windows/"); String parentWindowHandle = driver.getWindowHandle(); System.out.println("Parent window's handle -> " + parentWindowHandle); WebElement clickElement = driver.findElement(By.id("button1")); for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { clickElement.click(); Thread.sleep(3000); } Set<String> allWindowHandles = driver.getWindowHandles(); for(String handle : allWindowHandles) { System.out.println("Switching to window - > " + handle); System.out.println("Navigating to google.com"); driver.switchTo().window(handle); //Switch to the desired window first and then execute commands using driver driver.get("http://google.com"); } } }
After this, we’ll see how we can alter the child window without a change in the parent window.
package selenium; import java.util.Set; import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class demo5 { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D:chromedriver.exe"); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get("http://toolsqa.com/automation-practice-switch-windows/"); String parentWindowHandle = driver.getWindowHandle(); System.out.println("Parent window's handle -> " + parentWindowHandle); WebElement clickElement = driver.findElement(By.id("button1")); for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { clickElement.click(); Thread.sleep(3000); } Set<String> allWindowHandles = driver.getWindowHandles(); String lastWindowHandle = ""; for(String handle : allWindowHandles) { System.out.println("Switching to window - > " + handle); System.out.println("Navigating to google.com"); driver.switchTo().window(handle); //Switch to the desired window first and then execute commands using driver driver.get("http://google.com"); lastWindowHandle = handle; } //Switch to the parent window driver.switchTo().window(parentWindowHandle); //close the parent window driver.close(); //at this point there is no focused window, we have to explicitly switch back to some window. driver.switchTo().window(lastWindowHandle); driver.get("http://toolsqa.com"); } }
Now, we’ll test one of the top job portals Naukri.com
package selenium; import org.testng.annotations.Test; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.Set; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class MultipleWindowsClass{ @Test public void testMultipleWindows() throws InterruptedException{ System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D:chromedriver.exe"); // To open browser WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); // To maximize browser driver.manage().window().maximize(); // To open Naukri website with multiple windows driver.get("http://www.naukri.com/"); // It will return the parent window name as a String String mainWindow=driver.getWindowHandle(); // It returns no. of windows opened by WebDriver and will return Set of Strings Set<String> set =driver.getWindowHandles(); // Using Iterator to iterate with in windows Iterator<String> itr= set.iterator(); while(itr.hasNext()){ String childWindow=itr.next(); // Compare whether the main windows is not equal to child window. If not equal, we will close. if(!mainWindow.equals(childWindow)){ driver.switchTo().window(childWindow); System.out.println(driver.switchTo().window(childWindow).getTitle()); driver.close(); } } // This is to switch to the main window driver.switchTo().window(mainWindow); } }
Next, we’ll perform some actions on our official website edureka.co
package selenium; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.Set; import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor; import org.openqa.selenium.Keys; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class demo3 { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","S:chromedriver.exe"); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver; driver.get("https://www.edureka.co/community"); String mainweb = driver.getWindowHandle(); driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[@class='qa-logo-link edureka']")).sendKeys(Keys.SHIFT,Keys.ENTER); Thread.sleep(100); js.executeScript("window.scrollBy(0,400)"); Set <String> set = driver.getWindowHandles(); System.out.println(set); Iterator <String> itr = set.iterator(); while(itr.hasNext()) { js.executeScript("window.scrollBy(0,400)"); String child = itr.next(); if(!mainweb.equals(child)) { driver.switchTo().window(child); System.out.println(driver.switchTo().window(child).getTitle()); // driver.close(); } } driver.switchTo().window(mainweb); } }
Next, we’ll automate the same webpage by customizing it.
package selenium; import java.util.Set; import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor; import org.openqa.selenium.Keys; import org.openqa.selenium.Point; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; //import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select; public class selenium { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D:chromedriver.exe"); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get("https://www.edureka.co/"); String title = driver.getTitle(); System.out.println(title); //driver.get("http://www.google.co"); JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver; driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("#search-inp")).sendKeys("Selenium Certification Course"); js.executeScript("window.scrollBy(0,40)"); driver.findElement(By.xpath("//span[@class='typeahead__button']")).click(); WebElement link = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//li[@class='ga-allcourses']//a[@class='giTrackElementHeader'][contains(text(),'Courses')]")); Actions newwin = new Actions(driver); newwin.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).click(link).keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).build().perform(); //Thread.sleep(2000); //js.executeScript("window.scrollBy(0,400)"); Thread.sleep(3000); Set<String> windows = driver.getWindowHandles(); System.out.println(windows); System.out.println("a1"); for (String window : windows) { driver.switchTo().window(window); if (driver.getTitle().contains("Best Training & Certification Courses for Professionals | Edureka")) { System.out.println("a2"); js.executeScript("window.scrollBy(0,1000)"); System.out.println("b1"); driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id="allc_catlist"]/li[3]/a")).click(); driver.manage().window().setPosition(new Point(-2000, 0)); } } Thread.sleep(3000); Set<String> windows1 = driver.getWindowHandles(); System.out.println(windows1); System.out.println("a3"); for (String window : windows1) { driver.switchTo().window(window); System.out.println("a4"); js.executeScript("window.scrollBy(0,400)"); } } }
Now let’s check the output of the last program.
First, we’ll initialize the browser and get the URL of the web page we want to test and find the search box element on the page and send keys to the searchbox and click the search icon.
After this, we will open the course link in the new window using the action command
Once we do this, we’ll scroll down through the child window using the javascriptexecutor.
And after this, print the title of the first window and also the window handles of the two windows.
Now with this, we come to an end to this “How to handle multiple windows in Selenium” blog.
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I hope you guys enjoyed this article and understood what Selenium Webdriver is and how the window handle function helps switch between windows. Now that you understand how to work on multiple windows simultaneously, check out the Selenium Certification Course by Edureka, a trusted online learning company with a network of more than 650,000 satisfied learners spread across the globe. This course is designed to introduce you to the complete Selenium features and their importance in testing software. Got a question for us? Please mention it in the comments section of “How to handle multiple windows in Selenium,” and we will get back to you.
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